IPD068P03L3G Qalabka Elektaroonigga ah ee asalka ah IC chip MCU BOM ee kaydka IPD068P03L3G

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Transistor

transistor waa aqalabka semiconductorloo isticmaali jirayxoojinamabeddelocalaamadaha korontada iyoawood.Transistor-ku waa mid ka mid ah dhismooyinka aasaasiga ah ee casriga ahelektarooniga.[1]Waxay ka kooban tahaywalxaha semiconductor, badiyaa leh ugu yaraan saddexterminalisku xirka wareegga elektarooniga ah.Adanabamahaddalagu dabaqo hal-labo oo ka mid ah terminaalka transistor-ka ayaa koontaroolaya hadda iyada oo loo sii marayo lammaane kale.Sababtoo ah awoodda la kantaroolay (wax soo saarka) waxay ka sarrayn kartaa awoodda kontoroolka (gelinta), transistor-ku wuxuu kordhin karaa calaamadda.Qaar ka mid ah transistor-yada si gaar ah ayaa loo baakadeeyay, laakiin qaar kaloo badan ayaa la helay iyagoo ku dhex jirawareegyada isku dhafan.

Austro-Hungary fiisigiste Julius Edgar Lilienfeldsoo jeediyay fikradda atransistor-saameynta goobta1926-kii, laakiin ma suurtoobin in dhab ahaantii la dhiso qalab shaqaynaya wakhtigaas.[2]Qalabkii ugu horreeyay ee shaqeeya ee la dhiso wuxuu ahaa abarta-xiriirka transistor1947-kii waxaa ikhtiraacay culimo-fiisigisteyaal Maraykan ahJohn BardeeniyoWalter Brattainadigoo hoos shaqaynayaWilliam ShockleyatBell Labs.Saddexdu waxay wadaageen 1956kiiAbaalmarinta Nobel ee Fiisigiskaguulahooda.[3]Nooca ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo transistor-ka waabirta-oxide-semiconductor-saamaynta goobta transistor-ka(MOSFET), oo uu alifayMaxamed AtallaiyoDawon KahngBell Labs sanadkii 1959.[4][5][6]Transistor-yadu waxay wax ka beddeleen saaxadda elaktrooniga, waxayna u gogol xaadhayeen wax yar oo ka jabanidaacadaha,xisaabiyeyaashaiyokombiyuutarada, iyo waxyaabo kale.

Inta badan transistors waxaa laga sameeyaa mid aad saafi ahsilikon, iyo qaar ka mid ahjarmalka, laakiin qaar ka mid ah qalabka kale ee semiconductor ayaa mararka qaarkood la isticmaalaa.Transistor-ku waxa uu lahaan karaa hal nooc oo ka mid ah xajmi-qaade, ku dhex jira transistor-ka saamayn ku leh goobta, ama waxa laga yaabaa in uu leeyahay laba nooc oo xamuul qaadatransistor-ka laba-cirifoodkaqalabka.Marka la barbardhigotuubo faaruq ah, transistors guud ahaan waa ka yar yihiin waxayna u baahan yihiin awood yar si ay ugu shaqeeyaan.Tuubooyinka faakuumka qaarkood ayaa faa'iidooyin ka leh transistor-ka oo ah kuwo aad u sarreeya oo shaqeeya ama koronto shaqeeya oo sarreeya.Noocyo badan oo transistor ah ayaa lagu sameeyay qeexitaanno heersare ah oo ay sameeyeen soosaarayaal badan.