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Diodes waa qaybo elektaroonik ah oo laba-terminal ah oo hadda u socda inta badan hal jiho (conductance asymmetric);Waxay leedahay iska caabin hoose oo hal jiho ah (sida ugu fiican eber) iyo iska caabin sare oo dhinaca kale ah (sida ugu fiican ee aan xad lahayn).Tuubbada vacuum-ka diode ama thermoelectron diode waa tuubo faaruq ah oo leh laba electrodes, cathode kuleyl ah iyo saxan ay electrons ka soo qulquli karaan cathode ilaa saxanka hal jiho oo kaliya.Qalabka semiconductor-ka, nooca ugu badan ee maanta la isticmaalo, waa walxo semiconductor-ka crystalline leh oo isku xira pn oo ku xiran laba terminal koronto.

Shaqada ugu badan ee diode-ku waa inuu oggolaado in hadda uu u gudbo hal jiho (oo loo yaqaan jihada hore ee diode), halka uu ka xannibayo jihada ka soo horjeedda (oo kale).Sidan, diode waxaa loo arki karaa inuu yahay nooca elektarooniga ah ee waalka soo celinta.Dabeecaddan hal-jidka ah waxa loo yaqaan dib-u-habayn waxaana loo isticmaalaa in beddelka hadda (ac) loo beddelo hadda toos ah (dc).Rectifiers, oo ah qaabka diodes, ayaa loo isticmaali karaa hawlo ay ka mid yihiin soo saarista qalabaynta calaamadaha raadiyaha ee qaata raadiyaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinka aan tooska ahayn ee hadda-voltage ee diode, dabeecaddiisu waxay noqon kartaa mid ka adag tan ficil beddelka fudud.Diode semiconductor wuxuu qabtaa koronto kaliya marka uu jiro koronto marin ah ama korantada wax gelinta ee jihada hore (diode ayaa la sheegay inuu ku jiro xaalad hore u xaglin).Hoos-u-dhaca danab ee labada daraf ee diode hore-u-eexdu wax yar ayay ku kala duwan tahay kan hadda jira waana shaqo heerkul ah.Saamayntan waxa loo isticmaali karaa sida dareemaha heerkulka ama danab tixraaceed.Intaa waxaa dheer, marka korantada gadaasha ee labada daraf ee diode uu gaaro qiime loo yaqaan 'volt breakdown', caabbinta sare ee diode ee socodka gadaal ayaa si lama filaan ah hoos ugu dhacaya iska caabin hoose.

Sifooyinka korantada hadda ee diodes-ka semiconductor waxaa lagu habeyn karaa iyadoo la dooranayo walxaha semiconductor iyo soo bandhigida wasakhda doping ee walxaha inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka.Farsamooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu abuuro diodes khaas ah oo qabta hawlo badan oo kala duwan.Tusaale ahaan, diodes waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo danab (Zener diodes), ka ilaalinta wareegyada ka soo baxa korantada sare (avalanche diodes), si elektaroonik ah u hagaajiya raadiyaha iyo telefishinada (Vator diodes) si loo soo saaro oscillations RF (diodes tunnel), Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes. , oo soo saara iftiin (diodes iftiin bixiya).Diodes tunnel, diodes Gunn, iyo IMPATT diodes waxay leeyihiin iska caabin taban, kaas oo faa'iido u leh microwave-ka iyo wareejinta wareegyada.

Labada qalab ee vacuum iyo semiconductor-ka labadaba waxa loo isticmaali karaa soosaarayaasha qaylada.