Bixinta kulul ee Ic chip (Qalabka Electronic IC Semiconductor chip) XAZU3EG-1SFVC784I

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system-on-chip(SoC)

Anidaamka on chip ahamasystem-on-chip(SoC) waa ahwareeg isku dhafankaas oo isku dara inta badan ama dhammaan qaybaha kombuyuutarka ama kuwa kalenidaamka elektarooniga ah.Qaybahan had iyo jeer waxaa ka mid ah aunit processing dhexe(PROCESSOR),xusuustainterfaces, on-chipgelinta/soo-saarkaqalabka,gelinta/soo-saarkainterfaces, iyokaydinta sareinterfaces, oo inta badan la socda qaybaha kale sidamodem raadiyahaiyo aunugga farsamaynta garaafyada(GPU) - dhamaantood halsubstrateama microchip.^[1]Waxa ku jiri karadigital,analoog,calaamad isku dhafan, iyo inta badaninta jeer ee raadiyaha habaynta calaamadahahawlaha (haddii kale waxaa loo arkaa kaliya processor-ka codsiga).

SoC-yada waxqabadka sare leh waxaa badanaa lagu lammaaniyaa xusuusta go'an iyo jir ahaan gooni u ah iyo kaydinta sare (sidaLPDDRiyoeUFSamaeMMC, siday u kala horreeyaan) chips, oo laga yaabo in lagu dahaadho dusha sare ee SoC-ga waxa loo yaqaan axirmo ku yaal baakadQaabeynta (PoP), ama lagu meeleeyaa meel u dhow SoC.Intaa waxaa dheer, SoC-yada waxaa laga yaabaa inay isticmaalaan wireless-ka kala duwanmodem.^[2]

SoCs waxay ka duwan yihiin kuwa caadiga ahMotherboard-ka-ku salaysanPC dhismaha, kaas oo kala sooca qaybaha ku salaysan shaqada oo ku xiraya iyada oo loo marayo guddiga wareegga dhexe ee isdhexgalka.^{[nb 1]}Halka Motherboard-ku uu ku jiro oo uu ku xidho qaybaha la goyn karo ama la bedeli karo, SoC-yadu waxay dhammaan qaybahaas ku daraan hal wareeg oo isku dhafan.SoC wuxuu caadi ahaan isku dari doonaa CPU, garaafyada iyo is dhexgalka xusuusta,^{[nb 2]}kaydinta labaad iyo isku xirka USB,^{[nb 3]} random-helidiyoakhri-kaliya xasuusiyo kaydinta sare iyo/ama kontaroolayaashooda hal wareeg ah way dhintaan, halka Motherboard-ku uu ku xidhi doono qaybahan sidaqaybaha discreteamakaararka ballaarinta.

SoC-gu wuxuu isku daraa akantaroolka yar,microprocessorama laga yaabaa in dhowr koofiyado Processor oo leh meelo durugsan sida aGPU,Wi-Fiiyoshabakada gacantamodem raadiyaha, iyo/ama hal ama ka badanka shaqeeyayaasha.Si la mid ah sida microcontroller-ku u dhexgeliyo microprocessor-ka leh wareegyada durugsan iyo xusuusta, SoC waxaa loo arki karaa inuu isku xirayo microcontroller oo leh xitaa horumarsan.hareeraheeda.Si aad u hesho dulmar ku saabsan isku dhafka qaybaha nidaamka, eegisdhexgalka nidaamka.

Nidaamyada kombuyuutarrada oo si adag isku dhafan ayaa soo hagaagayawaxqabadkaoo la dhimoisticmaalka tamartasidoo kalesemiconductor dhimanmeel ka badan naqshado badan oo chips ah oo leh shaqeyn u dhigma.Tani waxay ku timaadaa qiimaha la dhimaybeddelidqaybaha.Qeexitaan ahaan, naqshadaha SoC waxay si buuxda ama ku dhow yihiin si buuxda u dhexgalaan qaybaha kala duwanmodules.Sababahan dartood, waxaa jiray isbeddel guud oo ku wajahan is-dhexgalka adag ee qaybaha ku jirawarshadaha hardware computer, qayb ahaan waxaa sabab u ah saamaynta SoC-yada iyo casharadii laga bartay suuqyada mobaylada iyo kombuyuutarada.SoC-yada waxaa loo arki karaa inay tahay qayb ka mid ah isbeddelka weyn ee xaggakombuyuutar ku dhex jiraiyodardargelinta qalabka.

SoCs aad bay ugu badan yihiinxisaabinta mobilada(sida intaleefannada casriga ahiyokombiyuutarrada tablet-ka ah) iyoxisaabinta cidhifyadasuuqyada.^[3][4]Waxay sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa gudahanidaamyada gundhigsida Wi-Fi router-yada iyoInternetka waxyaabaha.

Noocyada

Guud ahaan, waxaa jira saddex nooc oo SoCs ah oo la kala saari karo:

• SoC-yada lagu dhisay agagaarka akantaroolka yar,
• SoC-yada lagu dhisay agagaarka amicroprocessor, inta badan laga helo telefoonnada gacanta;
• Takhasus lehwareeg isku dhafan oo gaar ah codsigaSoCs loogu talagalay codsiyo gaar ah oo aan ku habboonayn labada qaybood ee sare.

Codsiyada[wax ka beddel]

SoC-yada waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa hawl kasta oo xisaabin ah.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa xisaabinta moobaylka sida tablet-yada, taleefannada casriga ah, smartwatches iyo netbooks iyo sidoo kalenidaamyada gundhigiyo codsiyada meelihii horemicrocontrollersloo isticmaali lahaa.

Nidaamyada isku xidhanwax ka beddel]

Meeshii markii hore kaliya microcontrollers loo isticmaali karo, SoCs waxay kor ugu kacayaan si caan ah suuqa nidaamyada kuxiran.Is dhexgalka nidaamka adag wuxuu bixiyaa isku haleyn wanaagsan iyowaqtiga u dhexeeya guuldarada, iyo SoC-yada waxay bixiyaan hawlo horumarsan iyo awood xisaabeed marka loo eego kuwa yar-koontaroolada.^[5]Codsiyada waxaa ka mid ahdardargelinta AI, ku dhegganaragtida mashiinka,^[6] xog ururin,telemetry,habaynta vectoriyosirdoonka deegaanka.Inta badan SoCs-ku-xidhan ayaa bartilmaameedsadainternetka waxyaabaha,internetka warshadaha ee waxyaabahaiyoxisaabinta cidhifyadasuuqyada.

Xisaabinta mobilada[wax ka beddel]

Xisaabinta mobiladaSoCs-ku-salaysan had iyo jeer waxay xidhxidhaan soo-saareyaal, xusuus-qoraal, ku-shiilkhasnado,isku xirka wirelessawoodaha iyo inta badankamarad dijital ahhardware iyo firmware.Iyadoo la kordhinayo cabbirada xusuusta, dhamaadka sare ee SoC-yada badanaa ma yeelan doonaan xusuusta iyo kaydinta flashka iyo taa beddelkeeda, xusuusta iyoxusuusta toosanwaxa la dhigayaa dhinaca midigta, ama korka (xirmo ku yaal baakad), SoC.^[7]Tusaalooyinka qaar ee xisaabinta mobilada SoCs waxaa ka mid ah:

• Samsung Electronics:liiska, sida caadiga ah ku salaysanGACAN
  • Exynos, oo ay inta badan adeegsato Samsung'sGalaxytaxanaha casriga ah
• Qualcomm:
  • Snapdragon(liiska), in badan oo loo isticmaaloLG,Xiaomi,Google Pixel,HTCiyo taleefannada casriga ah ee Samsung Galaxy.Sanadka 2018, Snapdragon SoCs waxaa loo istcimaali jiray laf dhabartakombiyuutarada laptopordayaWindows 10, oo loo suuqgeeyay sidii "Kombuyuutarrada had iyo jeer ku xiran".^[8][9]